This study was prepared by the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES) as part of its efforts in contribution to the preparations for COP27 which took place in Egypt in November 2022. The research team for this paper and all preparatory work involved: Abla Abdel-Latif, PhD, ECES Executive Director and Director of Research as Team Leader, Mohamed Hosny and Marian Adel both Economists at ECES and Editor, Andre Michel as team members. The authors would like to thank The African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) for suggesting several of our distinguished speakers in the Webinars.