Despite significant shares in GDP and employment, the support to SMEs has yet to effectively realize their potential in creating and sustaining inclusive growth. Several constraints hamper SMEs operations and growth, including lack of access to financing, inability to hire formally given rigidity in the labor law, weak complementarity with large upstream and downstream enterprises, […]
Egypt’s resilience to external shocks could be attributed to macroeconomic reforms undertaken over the past decade, as evident by more diversity of sectoral sources of growth, fiscal reforms that availed the space to introduce timely countercyclical packages, and monetary reforms that increased the ability of the Central Bank to weather external shocks and contain domestic […]
and attempted to identify conditions under which democratizations would yield subsequent high and inclusive economic growth. Specifically, it considered the impact of alternative democratic forms of democracy (e.g., parliamentary versus presidential democracy) on fiscal and trade policies implemented after democratization. A large empirical literature in economics and political sciences has addressed these issues. Professor Guido […]