Working Papers

The Working Papers series represents work-in-progress, rather than conclusive results. It aims to make research results available early on and promote the exchange of ideas.

Reading Between the Lines:Deconfounding Causal Estimátes usingText Embeddings and Deep Learning

  • 22-07-2026
  • Author(s): Ahmed Dawoud, Lead Economist and head of Data Analytics Unit at ECES, Osama El Shamy, Data Scientist at ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP248-E

Pricing Mechanisms for Petroleum Products and Natural Gas in Egypt in Light of Global Practices

  • 15-07-2026
  • Author(s): Dr. Sahar Aboud; Lead Economist at ECES; Marian Adel, Economist at ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP247-A

Redefinition of Work in Egypt: How AI is Reshaping Skill Demands in Egypt

  • 08-04-2026
  • Author(s): Ahmed Dawoud, Lead Economist at ECES, Ahmed Habashy, Data Scientist at ECES, Youssef Nasr, Research Associate at ECES, Sondos Samir, Research Associate at ECES; and Osama El Shamy, Data Scientist at ECES.
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP246-E

International Experience in Designing Student Loan Systems: A Comparative Analysis Across 23 Countries and Four Country Case Studies

  • 08-12-2025
  • Author(s): Aya Saleh, Research Analyst at ECES under supervision from Abla Abdel-Latif, PhD, Executive Director and Director of Research, ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP245-E

“Your Job Next to Your Home” Initiative: A New Model for Promoting Small Industries and Addressing Unemployment Problems

  • 27-08-2025
  • Author(s): Abla Abdel-Latif, PhD, Executive Director and Director of Research, ECES; Racha Seif El-Dine, Senior Economist at ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP244-A

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date)Part I: A Framework for Real-Time Labor Market Intelligence: Data, Methods, and Key Findings

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; Ahmed Habashy; Youssef Nasr; Aya Saleh; Abdallah El-Lawah
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP241-E

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date) | Part II: An Agentic-AI System for ISCO-08 Occupational Classification

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Abdallah El-Lawah; Ahmed Habashy; Youssef Nasr; Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; and Aya Saleh
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP242-E

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date) | Part III: JobIt – A Conversational AI System for Interactive Labor Market Analysis

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Ahmed Habashy; Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; Youssef Nasr; Aya Saleh; Abdallah El-Lawah
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP243-E

Tax Implications of Treasury Bills and Bonds and Their Impact on Egypt’s Budget Deficit

  • 23-06-2025
  • Author(s): Dr. Mostafa Abdel-Kader
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP240-A

Evaluating the Proposed Consolidated Tax as a Replacement of Fragmented Fees: Addressing Implementation Challenges

  • 28-05-2025
  • Author(s): Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Fouad, Former Parliamentarian, and Academic and Business Consultant
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP239-A

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