Abstract: The Arab countries spend more public resources on education than any region in the world, but the outcome in terms of human resource development is one of the poorest, especial ly relative to their income level. This paper explores four possible hypotheses to explain this paradox: (i) social indicators in the oil exporters are […]
Abstract: Although the incentive structure facing the private and public sectors in Egypt has improved following the economic liberalization of the early 1990s, real economic growth has been modest. This paper contends that the sluggish response to improved incentives is due in part to policy uncertainty and the high transaction costs of conducting business; these […]