This working paper addresses digital economy activities and the challenges they pose to the existing tax systems. The study assesses the tax treatment of digital economy activities as per law no. 91/ 2005 and its amendments, and law no. 67/ 2016, which proved to be ineffective in terms of imposing the income tax and value […]
Social justice is realized when every member of society has the same opportunity to rise to a higher economic or social bracket based on merit, and when no individual is discriminated against based on wealth, gender, religion, ethnicity, class, age, profession, or skin colour. Social justice reaches its apex when social mobility becomes based entirely […]
This study sheds light on real estate wealth and property ownership transfer in Egypt, including sale and purchase of real estate. The aim is to establish a practical framework for integrating real[1]estate wealth in economic activity by developing a registration mechanism for monitoring the transfer of real-estate ownership. The objective is to turn ownership transfers […]
This step-by-step guide is designed to provide support to entrepreneurs (either existing or potential). It provides information about the main concepts and definitions of the business environment, the procedural requirements to establish a formal business, available financial services, the places that provide these services and how to obtain them, as well as the non-financial services […]
Intended mainly for investors and the business community, this annual publication provides summary data and information on the various aspects of the Egyptian economy.
This paper aims at highlighting the role of services in the Egyptian manufacturing sector, with a focus on the ready-made garments industry. By analysing services in the value chains of three case studies, this paper shows that inefficiencies in service provision have negatively affected the performance of the Egyptian Ready-Made Garments Industry. In a sector […]
This paper estimates Egypt’s equilibrium real exchange rate and exchange rate misalignment based on economic fundamentals over the period 2001Q3-2017Q3. Focusing on the more recent period, we find that the Egyptian pound was undervalued by about 22.3 percent in 2017Q1 due to overshooting its equilibrium value after floating the currency in 2016Q4. The currency undervaluation […]
Using monthly firm-level and sector-level data for the period 2005-2016, this study tries to examine the impact of devaluation on the increase in the quantity of exports, as well as the ability to export new products and/or venture into new export markets. In other words, this paper seeks to examine how both the intensive (the […]